Nginx Tomcat集群部署
下载的jdk文件为:jdk-6u45-linux-x64.bin,执行如下命令进行安装:
#./jdk-6u12-linux-i586.bin
安装tomcat
#tar zxvf apache-tomcat-6.0.18.tar.gz
#mv apache-tomcat-6.0.29 tomcat
这里我将解压后的apache-tomcat-6.0.29重命名为了tomcat方便操作。
配置环境变量
编辑/etc下的profile文件,加上如下内容:
JAVA_HOME="/opt/app/jdk1.6.0_45"
CLASS_PATH="$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib"
PATH=".:$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin"
CATALINA_HOME="/opt/app/tomcat"
export JAVA_HOME CATALINA_HOME
执行下面命令使变更生效:
# source /etc/profile
启动tomcat并输入http://domain:8080,如果看到猫的页面即tomcat和jdk安装成功
新建文件目录/home/www为网站存放目录,设置server.xml文件,在Host name=”localhost”处将appBase=的指向路径改为/home/www/web
创建index.jsp至/home/www/web/ROOT,内容为:“hello!” 重新启动tomcat,重新访问,如果看到index.jsp文件内容hello!表示设置成功。
安装Nginx
执行如下命令解压nginx:
# tar zxvf nginx-1.4.4.tar.gz
# mv nginx-1.4.4 nginx
同样重命名了一下。
安装nginx:
# ./configure --prefix=/opt/app/nginx
结果出现了错误:error: C compiler cc is not found,按网上所说安装编译源码所需的工具和库:
#yum install gcc gcc-c++ ncurses-devel perl
再次安装,发现还有错误:the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.
执行
# yum -y install pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel
终于成功,
# ./configure --prefix=/opt/app/nginx
# make
# make install
nginx安装成功后的安装目录为/opt/app/nginx
在conf文件夹中新建proxy.conf,用于配置一些代理参数,内容如下:
#!nginx (-)
# proxy.conf
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; #获取真实ip
#proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; #获取代理者的真实ip
client_max_body_size 10m;
client_body_buffer_size 128k;
proxy_connect_timeout 90;
proxy_send_timeout 90;
proxy_read_timeout 90;
proxy_buffer_size 4k;
proxy_buffers 4 32k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;
编辑安装目录下conf文件夹中的nginx.conf,输入如下内容
#运行nginx所在的用户名和用户组
#user www www;
#启动进程数
worker_processes 8;
#全局错误日志及PID文件
error_log /opt/app/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /opt/app/nginx/nginx.pid;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
#工作模式及连接数上限
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 65535;
}
#设定http服务器,利用它的反向代理功能提供负载均衡支持
http
{
#设定mime类型
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
include /opt/app/nginx/conf/proxy.conf;
#charset gb2312;
#设定请求缓冲
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
# client_max_body_size 8m;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 60;
tcp_nodelay on;
# fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
# fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
# fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
# fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
# fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
# fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
# fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
# gzip on;
# gzip_min_length 1k;
# gzip_buffers 4 16k;
# gzip_http_version 1.0;
# gzip_comp_level 2;
# gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
# gzip_vary on;
#limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m;
###禁止通过ip访问站点
# server{
# server_name _;
# return 404;
# }
server
{
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
index http://www.omfs.com.cn index.jsp;
root /opt/www/static;
#limit_conn crawler 20;
location ~ .*.(jsp|shtml)$ #所有shtml的页面均交由tomcat处理
{
index index.jsp;
proxy_pass http://localhost:8080;#转向tomcat处理
}
location ~ .*.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$ #设定访问静态文件直接读取不经过tomcat
{
expires 30d;
}
location ~ .*.(js|css)?$
{
expires 1h;
}
}
#定义访问日志的写入格式
log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
access_log /opt/app/nginx/logs/localhost.log access;#设定访问日志的存放路径
}
修改/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后,请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确:
#/opt/app/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
如果出现下面两行,说明正确:
the configuration file /opt/app/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
the configuration file /opt/app/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully
如果提示unknown host,则可在服务器上执行:ping www.baidu.com如果也是同样提示unknown host则有两种可能:
a、服务器没有设置DNS服务器地址,查看/etc/resolv.conf下是否设置,若无则加上
b、防火墙拦截
启动nginx的命令
#/opt/app/nginx/sbin/nginx
这时,输入以下命令查看Nginx主进程号:
ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'
停止nginx的命令
#/opt/app/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置
输入以下命令查看Nginx主进程号:
ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'
屏幕显示的即为Nginx主进程号,例如:
6302
这时,执行以下命令即可使修改过的Nginx配置文件生效:
kill -HUP 6302
或者无需这么麻烦,找到Nginx的Pid文件:
kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid`